Marie Curie: Radioactivity and X rays Essay

Marie Curie was born Marie Sklodowska on November 7th, 1867. She was born in Warsaw, Poland (â€Å"Marie Curie – Biography† par 1). Curie received her education from local schools; but her knowledge of science from her father. She obtained â€Å"Licentiateships in Physics and the Mathematical Sciences† from Sorbonne University, in Paris (â€Å"Marie Curie – Biography† par 1). Curie also received her Doctor of Science degree at Sorbonne as well. Marie Curie married Professor Pierre Curie after meeting him during university. The two wed within the year that they met. (â€Å"Marie Curie – Biography† par 1). Marie Curie, with the help of her husband Pierre Curie, and with past discoveries of Antoine Becquerel, discovered radioactivity, which explained the creation of the x ray. It first started off with Antoine Becquerel, a French physicist. â€Å"Becquerel was familiar with the work of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen,† which were the photographs that Roentgen had taken (Peters and Slowiczek par 3). These photographs were unique in their kind. One of the photographs that were taken was one of his wife’s hands, complete with her ring. This photo showed the skeletal structure of her hand, and the ring that was placed on top (Peters and Slowiczek par 4). Roentgen’s wife placed her hand in the path of x rays, which Roentgen created himself. He created x rays â€Å"by beaming an electron ray energy source onto a cathode tube.† (Peters and Slowiczek par 4). These â€Å"photographs† intrigued Becquerel, inducing him to research the phenomena of florescence and phosphorescence. In March of 1896, he discovered that florescence and phosphorescence were similar to each other; as well as to x rays, but there is also an important difference. The difference between the three was florescence and x rays stopped, when the starting energy force was halted; but the phosphorescence continued (Peters and Slowiczek par 5). A similarity between the three was the energy was initially derived from an outside source (Peters and Slowiczek par 5). Becquerel tried to harness the sun’s energy; making it the initial source of energy for the different rays, but that was not possible. Source: National Health Museum He put his wrapped photographic plates away in a darkened drawer, along with some crystals containing uranium. Much to his Becquerel’s surprise, the plates were exposed during storage by invisible emanations from the uranium. The emanations did not require the presence of an initiating energy source–the crystals emitted rays on their own! Although Becquerel did not pursue his discovery of radioactivity, others did and, in so doing, changed the face of both modern medicine and modern science. (Peters and Slowiczek par 6). Following up on Becquerel’s research; the Curies, Marie and Pierre, begun a life commitment to radioactivity research. Marie Curie stated that â€Å"The subject seemed to us very attractive and all the more so because the question was entirely new and nothing yet had been written upon it.† when it came to radioactivity (Peters and Slowickez par 7). The Curies used Becquerel’s note on how air could be a conductor of electricity because of uranium, as well as using sensitive instruments created by Pierre and his brother. On February 17, 1898, an ore of uranium, pitchblende, was tested by the Curies. Time and time again, the result was that the pitchblende created a current 300 times stronger than pure uranium. The Curies thus came up with the conclusion that an active unknown substance, as well as the uranium, still exists in the pitchblende (Peters and Slowickez par 8). The â€Å"hypothesized† element was named polonium, in honour of Curie’s native land, Poland; they labelled this element â€Å"radio-active,† as well as introducing this term. The Curies were able to extort enough polonium and radium, which is another radioactive element, establishing the chemical elements of both. Marie Curie worked alongside Pierre, â€Å"to establish the first quantitative standards by which the rate of radioactive emission of charged particles from elements could be measured and compared† even after her husband died (Peters and Slowickez par 9). Curie also managed to discover that there was a decrease in the radioactivity, and it could be predicted, since can be calculated; as well as the realization of which radiation is atomic property of matter, rather than a separate independent emanation (Peters and Slowickez par 9). The scientific discovery of x rays and radioactivity addressed global issues. The global issue that mainly x rays addressed is health care. X rays affected, and still effects health care because of what it was designed to do. This helps doctors determine many things, such as broken bones, tooth decay, and anything relating to the bone structure of someone, or animal. Radioactivity helped humans in a couple of ways as well. There are a couple of uses for radioactivity today. One of the uses is to create nuclear energy, which in the end is used to create electricity. Another use for radioactive materials is radiation. Radiation is used to treat cancer patients; in hope of killing the source of cancerous cells, and removing the cancer from someone’s body. The discovery of x rays and radioactivity did indeed help solve a problem; and benefited the global community. One problem that radioactivity solved was an energy issue. Radioactivity provided scientists with a new method of energy that was more environmentally friendly than combusting petroleum. This method is nuclear power plants. Nuclear power plants harness the energy that is released from a type of uranium or U-235 (â€Å"EIA Energy Kids – Uranium (nuclear).† par 5). X rays have benefited mankind in the world of medicine, as well as safety. X rays are now available in hospitals. X rays can check for broken bones, fractures, tooth decay, and other bone related issues. X rays are not only used in hospitals. Airports around the world use x rays to check baggage over; making sure that there are no dangerous weapons stored in luggage; or any illegal drugs; etc. (Eaton par 3). Source: Fast Company For every invention or discovery, there are advantages and limitations. The advantages of x rays and radioactivity are numerous. X rays can detect bone damage, artery damage and supply airports with safety measures. Radioactivity is used to harness the energy of U-235 to create nuclear power for a source of electricity, as well as radiation treatments. The limitations of x rays and radioactivity include raise the risk of cancer infecting the body, damaging the cells, causing cell mutations, birth defects, among other things as well (â€Å"Pros and Cons of X-rays† par 2). Scientists’ contributions have improved some aspects of society. One aspect of society would be politically. X rays are now being used in airports to check baggage for any weaponry; or anything that could be made into an explosive. All of these measures are being taken due to the terrorist bombing of September 11, 2001. Security measures have tightened up since then, and are becoming stricter ever since, since there are increasing amounts of terrorist threats to hijack planes, or bomb planes (Eaton par 7). Another contribution that is effected is social aspects. X rays and radioactivity affect people’s health in numerous ways. They can either help damage a person’s health, or help correct. Radioactivity can cause mutations, birth defects, and many other problem, while an x ray can help correct a broken bone, or decaying tooth by showing the area of damage, so doctors can take proper procedures. Works Cited Eaton, Kit. â€Å"Full-Body Scanners at Airports: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly | Fast Company.† FastCompany.com – Where Ideas and People Meet | Fast Company. Fast Company, 30 Dec. 2009. Web. 17 May 2010. . â€Å"EIA Energy Kids – Uranium (nuclear).† Energy Information Administration – EIA – Official Energy Statistics from the U.S. Government. Energy Information Administration. Web. 16 May 2010. . â€Å"Marie Curie – Biography.† Nobelprize.org. Nobel Prize. Web. 14 May 2010. . Peters, Pamela M., and Fran Slowiczek. â€Å"The Discovery Of Radioactivity: The Dawn of the Nuclear Age.† Access Excellence @ the National Health Museum. National Health Museum. Web. 15 May 2010. . â€Å"Pros and Cons of X-rays.† The Brunei Times. 4 Dec. 2007. Web. 17 May 2010. .

Compassion in The Witch of Blackbird Pond Essay

Compassion is important in every walk of life. The definition of compassion is : a virtue of empathy for the suffering of others and a desire to alleviate that suffering. Compassion is important because it makes up who you are and is a strong part of human love. Without compassion, no human could ever get close to each other or function together as a society. Without compassion, people would not be able work together because they would not care about anyone else’s pain. There would be no working together towards a common goal, that is one of the key pillars of society. Compassion is reason we have doctors and nurses. Compassion is reason that when we see someone hurt, on the ground, we help them up. In the novel, The Witch of Blackbird Pond, Kit and Nat show compassion for Hannah Tupper when her house burns down. She is their friend and they are sympathetic for her and do anything to help her. They even go into the building to retrieve her cats. They are feeling compassion for her and will help to alleviate her suffering, risking the possible legal repercussions of aiding a witch. Another instance in the novel in which the characters show compassion is when Kit teaches Prudence to read and when she defends Prudence from her mother by lying at the trial. The first time was compassion because kit saw prudence had low self worth because her mother has lead her to believe that she is stupid and never will be able to read. Kit sees her suffering and decides to alleviate her suffering, risking Goodwife Cruff’s wrath by teaching her to read and write. Later in the book, once kit is accused of practicing witch craft and the townspeople present the evidence of the hornbook with Prudence’s name written in it repeatedly, Kit lies for Prudence’s sake. She doesn’t want Prudence to get beaten by her mother. She risks possible death in compassion for Prudence’s situation. Finally, prudence shows compassion to Kit. Against all odds, though she has been educated to not show compassion by watching her mother, she shows everyone that she can write. She risks her mother’s abuse to save Kit, a girl she has recently met, but who has taught her a very important value: compassion.

Michelangelo Buonarroti and Leonardo da vinci Essay

Michelangelo Buonarroti and Leonardo da vinci - Essay Example The essay "Michelangelo Buonarroti and Leonardo da vinci" discovers the art of two famous artists, Leonardo da vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti. His arts which were carved out of inspiration from the former structures gradually resulted in matured state of his unique style and his passion in differentiating his work. He was known as the master in reinventing the renaissance of western art in Europe His art mainly targets towards larger audience. Michelangelo used to carve on large pieces of marble. His human manifestation were more wholesome as it was clearly indicated in work â€Å"David† for which the others contemporary sculptures gave a less muscular frame. The Sistine ceiling frescoes depict the unique composition he used to adopt to express his perceptions. Michelangelo sculptures depict the homosexual inhibition in his sculptures as some of the sculptures were nude His sculpture depicts the male dominance factors the dynamism and supremacy. The sculpture introduces thr ee unique historically significant figures like the Adam eve, the great creation and the Noah. The artistic creations changed according to the evolution of the prevailing situation in Rome and Italy as it was clearly reflected in the artifacts in the mid 1520’s.The sculptures exhibited extreme emotions, turmoil and aggression. Leonardo Da vinci is a human prodigy. He used to concentrate deeply in digging the spirituality .He pioneered works in field of technology and science. His inventions almost elevated the features of science.

Principles of International Business Management Essay

Principles of International Business Management - Essay Example Having established itself on a firm footing within the domestic markets, the company started looking for avenues of growth in foreign markets. To undertake such an initiative, the company studied took stock of its internal as well external factors which drive its urge for entering a foreign market. Internal factors are of course the strengths of the company while external factors were compiled after doing an environment analysis. In addition the company also undertook an analysis of PESTLE factors for the particular markets, where the company was supposed to go. All such factors were not looked into 'in isolation', because one particular factor might have a spillover effect on couple of other factors and vice-versa. All such permutations and combinations were taken into account while preparing for an expansion strategy. Reckitt Benckiser has over the year successfully implemented the strategy of building strong brands across all its key categories like surface care, fabric care, dishwashing, home care, health and personal care and food. If Lysol is a leading brand in disinfectant cleaning, Calgon holds the number one market position in fabric care in Europe. Similarly placed are the major categories like Vanish (fabric care), Veet (cosmetic depilatories), Mortein (pest control) and Airwick (air fragrance). The company highlighted the brand equity to its fullest potential, while negotiating with foreign collaborators for investing in a new market. This strategy paid off rich dividends for the company with its top 15 brands consistently accounting for a majority of the company's revenues, from 40% of total revenues in 2001 to about 56% in 2005. Such a brand creation in different categories allows Reckitt to; Differentiate its products and earn a price premium and Provides a competitive advantage to the company in the market place. In addition the company also resorted to ambush marketing depending upon the scenario of competition in some of the foreign markets. For example, in one such recent case (23 Nov 2006), the company also won a legal battle against its rival in India, Hindustan Liver Ltd. (HLL), when the courts upheld the contention of Reckitt Benckiser concerning the advertisement of Dettol soap. For marketing the products the company has been dependent on Supermarkets and hypermarkets which form the most important distribution channel, e.g. accounting for 65.2% of the UK market's value and 69.5% of the European market's value. The company used innovation as its core competitive strategy which helped the company in creating product differentiation and providing it the competitive edge. Motivational factors for undertaking foreign investments are mainly; To tap the vast consumer market outside Europe and UK. Markets in India, China and other Asian countries are developing very fast and these markets have immense potential for a company dealing with consumer items. The company had established itself quite well in the home market and wanted to move on in newer markets. Company wanted to take the competitors head on, not only in domestic market but in overseas market as well. To

A review on software industry in the Gulf region Research Paper

A review on software industry in the Gulf region - Research Paper Example â€Å"There are many problems associated with tracking software imports and exports in trade statistics.† (OECD, 37). These problems include the hazy differentiation between software and software media trade, trade of software being a part of hardware, lack of measuring mechanism for the sale of intellectual property in international market. (OECD, 37). For obvious reasons this obscurity is even graver in gulf region states, who stepped into this industry late in 20th century and most of the software applications are imported from developed countries. The production and development of software in developed countries have raised serious concerns for the integrity of software industry itself as the bulk productions to realize rapid economic gains has forced deviations from the recommended software development framework and guidelines. Committee on the Off-shoring of Engineering (COE, 66) observes, â€Å"Scholars conceded that the effects of off-shoring on the quality of work do ne in developed nations are uncertain because we do not know whether the productivity gains will be captured by the developing countries or the developed countries.† Quality assurance is a core subject of software engineering and this stands true in any region and domain for which the software is being developed. The deviation from this basic guiding principal of software engineering has surfaced several legal and quality issues in gulf countries. This is especially true for the gulf region where software production is either offshore or in foreign control. â€Å"The wealthy Gulf nations have long relied on foreign (mostly American) contractors to build and maintain much of their IT base.† (Carmel, Paul, 24). This over reliance on foreign expertise has given birth to a variety of legal issues in software ownership, , legitimate use, quality and maintenance. Redha (n.p) the Business Software Alliance Chair, Gulf Region, while surfacing his concerns on quality and legal i ssues stressed, â€Å"While the region is seeing rapidly growing technological adoption and internet penetration, which is contributing to overall economic growth, we need to ensure that this growth is not compromised through software piracy.† The quality issues in offshore products are a common observation because of the variance in environment and culture of the software developer and user. COE (197) observes, â€Å"When we consider off-shoring, we must remember that there is great variability in software objectives, job types, and practices around the world.† Obviously, this variability may cause quality issue in a region where environment, software quality requirements and job types are considerably different. The fact has instigated a profound realization among Gulf States to develop an indigenous software industry, which can cater local requirement with minimum quality issues and legal breaches. The Gulf States, specially Iran, Saudi Arabia and Syria are now maki ng concentrated efforts to groom local software industry and the commitment of local software companies in the region may achieve better results for growth of software industry. However, the lack of latest technologies and the dearth of software engineers with required skills are two major areas where they face bottlenecks. Still quality can

JOHN BUNYAN Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

JOHN BUNYAN - Term Paper Example It was after this experience with the Holy Spirit that he began preaching. However, this was not quite a smooth mission for him as he was imprisoned severally for preaching. John began preaching in Bedford, England, and it was here that he faced all those difficulties in relation to his mission; especially between 1660 and 1672. It was during his term as a prisoner when he wrote a popular classic- Pilgrim’s Progress. In his autography, Bunyan recognized the fact that the devil kept on placing mockeries in his soul. He had a feeling that his sins were not of the type that Jesus Christ died for and that he could only be forgiven if Christ descended from heaven to come and die afresh for his sins. These things tormented him for quite a long time, and that thinking of anyone of them increased his misery (Venables, 79). Although he recognized that Jesus Christ had too much love for him, he thought that He could not be forgivendue his transgressions and unfaithfulness. In addition B unyan himself thought that his sins were beyond bounds of pardon. Worst of all, he never thought that he could ever inherit eternal life, but believed that it was quite easy for the heaven and earth to pass. It was a result of these assaults that he perceived his soul to be more of a broken vessel, hence heading into despair. He even went to an extent of thinking that as far as he was concerned, conditions and promises of the new covenant could turn another way and be changed. John went to disclose that the more he thought about these issues, the more he was overwhelmed with fears, guilt and fright leading to desperation. Bunyan likened his state to that of a man who lived in tombs, always crying and cutting himself with stones (Mark 5:25). It is from this verse of the Bible that Bunyan came to learn that neither desperation nor the old covenant would save him. In addition, both the heaven and earth were bound to pass away, while both the word and the law of grace would fail or be d one away with. It was after recognition of this scripture that Bunyan experienced the goodness of Jesus Christ, got saved and confirmed that scriptures were the Word of God. Before he reached this point, one day as he sat on a bench on a certain street, Bunyan fell asleep and had a vision as though the sun that shone in heaven was against him and it could not shed enough light (Deal, 35). In addition, he saw stones on the street and tiles upon houses bend against him, and all had collaborated to eliminate him from the earth. This meant that he was unfit to live among them and he could not partake of the benefits that they harbored as he had sinned against God in Heaven. From this moment onwards, Bunyan learnt to accept and appreciate everything with thanks giving. At one time they had been commanded to go and besiege a place, but another person was chosen to replace him (Bunyan) even after he had consented. Unfortunately, the solder who replaced him was killed in that battle. Bunyan recognized that these were God’s mercies upon his life. Bunyan came to appreciate God’s divine mercies for saving his life after he fell in an extremely deep pit when he was traveling at night (Horner, 120). He also had the reason to thank God for the divine healing and provision of food, even though he was still a sinner. Bunyan recognized

LDAP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LDAP - Essay Example Therefore, the need to use LDAP becomes largely unnecessary. In its goal to remain lightweight, LDAP does not include a security or encryption service, and with the increasing concerns about network security, this option makes it use less prevalent among businesses and individual users (Gracion Software, 2011). An open source protocol allows user contribution to the software development. When LDAP became open source, the developers intended to eliminate dependence on a select group of vendors and increase the usability options for the internet directory service (Arkills, 2003). By making LDAP an open protocol system, it enabled its usage and faster advancement in a still developing computing field of internet directory services. LDAP is a lightweight directory management program, meaning that it makes minimal use of the system resources. In addition, apart from offering the traditional directory management tasks, LDAP allows directory update tasks. For many organizations with online directories offering selective access to information, LDAP is quite useful as it allows authentication for access to directory services alongside update services in accordance to user preferences. Finally, LDAP helps computers within a network to perform such tasks such as self-authentication to other computers in the network, configure the network environment, and manage access privileges (Arkills, 2003). The use of LDAP is more appropriate for organizations that run online directories. LDAP helps manage directories, especially with regard to update and validation of access by the authorized users (Arkills, 2003). The LDAP is more beneficial to programmers with interest in developing internet directories using C and C++ programs. These programmers usually work with corporate clients such as businesses in creating effective and easy to manage directory systems. LDAP is an

Responsibility to Protect Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Responsibility to Protect - Case Study Example Therefore, the power of the international community has proved impotent while thousands suffer. In September of 2005, the world leaders assembled at the U.N. The largest such gathering of heads of state in history produced the 'responsibility to protect' document in which 150 signatures were attached. The nations of the world agreed "to take collective action, in a timely and decisive manner, through the Security Council, in accordance with the UN Charter ' on a case by case basis and in cooperation with relevant organizations as appropriate, should peaceful means be inadequate" (Rasul, 2005). Since the end of World War II and the Nazi's implementation of the 'final solution,' the phrase, 'never again' has echoed throughout the world, but genocide has occurred over and over again. The responsibility to protect is an agreement late in coming. It has not curbed the violence in Darfur and its complex implications have not existed without continued debate and controversy. The U.S., in co ncert with all nations of the U.N., is compelled by reasons of human compassion to protect any group from genocide. We are our brother's keeper. We all have the responsibility to protect and support the people of Darfur. The 'Responsibility to Protect' provides that a country cannot refuse assistance or support from other countries when it cannot or will not safeguard its citizens from genocide or other actions deemed as a crime against humanity. All nations' sovereignty is respected as is their ability to conduct their own affairs but this is a qualified condition, not one that is considered absolute. "When peaceful means are exhausted and leaders of a UN member state are 'manifestly failing to protect their populations,' then other states have the responsibility to take collective action through the Security Council" (O'Neill, 2006). In some respects, the concept of "Responsibility to Protect" was founded in the common concern for human rights worldwide, the concept that initiated the formation of the U.N. The Genocide Treaty (1948) and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) are manifestations of the U.N.'s founding principles. In the 1960's, the international human rights covenants furth ered this philosophical stance of the U.N. However, these treaties, covenants and resolutions were not effectively enforced. Affected countries argued that their right to national sovereignty superseded the intentions of uninvited intrusion. For many years, the U.N. and others have debated the subject of humanitarian intervention issue regarding the question of when the nations of the world should unite to take military action against a country so as to protect that country's population. Supporters of 'the responsibility to protect' and 'humanitarian intervention' concepts include liberal-minded persons worldwide who encourage the use of military forces to come to the aid of desperate people (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, 2001). However, the questions surrounding the use of force has been of great concern to many especially following the recent 'humanitarian' efforts

Quantitative Critique Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantitative Critique Nursing - Research Paper Example Jemmott is with the school of nursing in the University of Pennsylvania and was the lead author in overall aspects of the study including the intervention procedures and training of facilitators. John B. Jemmott III is with the University of Pennsylvania as well but under Annenberg School for Communication. J. B. Jemmott III assisted in aspects of the study concerning design, measures, and data analysis. Meanwhile, Ann O’Leary is with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta Georgia and also assisted in the development of intervention procedures and measures and the application of social cognitive theory(Jemmott, Jemmott & O'Leary, 2007, 1040). The authors’ qualifications and preparations were brief, specific, and clearly stated. It was brief because only needed information such as educational qualification is identified. Also, the authors’ preparation were not elaborated and focused only on their distinct role in research. The descriptions of au thors’ were specific as the university to where they belong was also clearly stated. The authors’ qualifications and preparations do not determine the validity and reliability of the study(Hoskins & Mariano, C., 2004, 72) but their background information is relevant to the readers as it will determine sufficiency and relevance of information presented. Title and Statement of the Purpose and Problem Background The title of the study is â€Å"Effects on Sexual Risk Behavior and STD Rate of Brief HIV/STD Prevention Interventions for African American Women in Primary Care Settings.† According to Loiselle, McGrath, Polit & Beck(2010), clarity, research problem visibility, and study population must be considered in critiquing the title of the study (p. 359). The study title presented above is clear and specific as it does not only focused on general behavior but to the specific sexual risk behavior and STD rate of brief HIV/STD prevention interventions. The title itse lf also suggests the research problem which is measuring the effects of behavioral interventions. It was also clearly noted in the title that African women in the primary care settings would be the target population for the study. The purpose of the study must be clearly stated and consistent with the background study presented (Brockopp & Tolsma, 2003, 407). The purpose of the study was clearly stated and was designed to test the efficacy of brief HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk-reduction interventions among African women in primary care settings. The study was in congruence with the background data as the background itself entails the alarming statistics of STD/HIV occurrences among African women in primary care settings and the interventions or measures addressed by the health care provider to reduce the risk of disease-occurrence. Literature Review and Conceptual Framework If one would have look for the subparts literature review and theoretical framework, one may no t able to see it directly in the study as literature reviews are integrated in various parts of the study, particularly in the background of the study.

A Report on Customer Satisfaction and Motivation at Brown Smith Essay

A Report on Customer Satisfaction and Motivation at Brown Smith Company - Essay Example Preliminary studies conducted had indicated that the decline was attributed to client discontent and de-motivation caused by long procurement procedures and poor handling of customers by company employees. Having been mandated to conduct this study, a proper procedure had to be selected, a selection of 40 percent of all regular clientele was interviewed between October 15th and November 10th 2011 on issues such as; The overall customer satisfaction on the services offered by Brown Smith Company, Common problems encountered that are linked to procurement procedure in the company, Suggestions for improvements of procurement policies and Problems associated with conduct of employees in the company. The report seeks to draw attention on the factors causing the sharp drop in company’s profit margins. It further seeks to suggest remedies to curb problems causing the company the current financial condition. Body The report draws hypothesis from the fact that in the last two years, Br own Smith Company had been a dominant share holder in the market. The profits generated over years had always doubled annually until last year when the huge profits and volume of sales started declining drastically. A case study conducted earlier showed that Brown Smith Company was worth $17 million. ... Investigations onto this move indicated that the clients were generally discontented with the services offered by the company. Moreover, customers were mostly dissatisfied with the long procurement process they go through before purchases are made. The long procurement process was much discouraging as it was characterized by other problems such as damage to goods. In addition, there are a number of mushrooming companies that are producing similar goods as Brown Smith Company and as a result competition in the market has gone high. This has split the profits and prevented market domination causing low volume of sales and less profits. It was also quite notable that since its inception, the company has not established away of motivating its clients. Furthermore, procurement procedures have not been reviewed for the last ten years. It was also noted that the company still uses the traditional system of purchasing and selling goods which is proofing to be much expensive, cumbersome and t ime consuming. Finally, clients encountered some problems especially when dealing with some company employees creating an almost impossible environment for reasonable business activity. Conclusion Owing to above facts and or claims, there is a need to put in place the following measures; Motivate customers by improving the quality of goods produced and offer after sale services. Review the current policies on procurement with a view of simplifying the whole process to meet the needs and expectations of the clients. There is a need for the staff of Brown Smith Company to have courtesy with the customers. This is possible through training and giving clients a chance to give views on how they think they should best be handled. There a need for the company to offer

Seperation of a Mixture Lab Report Essay Example for Free

Seperation of a Mixture Lab Report Essay 1.Mixture is taken, and has to be measured in order to meet the requirements of 2-3g. 2.The mass of the tray is measured and then the scale is zeroed out and the mixture is added to find out the mass of the original mixture. 3.Next, find the mass of the 250mL beaker, zero out the scale, pour the mixture in, and weigh to find the mass. Find the mass of the 100mL beaker as well. 4.In order to separate the iron from the mixture, take a bar magnet inside of a Ziploc bag, and swirl it through the mixture. 5.The iron will stick to the magnet, and lift the magnet out of the mixture. All iron in the mixture should be on the magnet. 6.The iron taken out of the mixture is then measured to find the mass of the retrieved iron. 7.Next, the salt will be separated from the mixture. In order to do this, a ring stand must be set up with an iron ring and a glass funnel. Take a piece of filter paper and fold it as demonstrated by Mrs. Montoney, and place it in the funnel. 8.Place a 250mL beaker under the funnel for the filtered water. 9.Put the remaining mixture in the funnel. 10.Pour some water in a beaker, record the amount of water and pour it in the funnel. The mixture will begin to filter and drain the salt, leaving behind the sand. More water may need to be added depending on if the salt particles are fully desolved or not. 11.The sand has been recovered. Take the filter paper, unfold it, weigh its mass, and place it in the chemical oven to dry before measuring. 12.While the sand is in the chemical oven, take a hot plate, and place the beaker with the filtered salt water on the hot plate. The water will begin to boil, and eventually, the salt will be  clearly visible and separated. 13.Once the salt is fully dried out, and no water remains in the beaker, remove the beaker with tongs for it will be extremely hot. Measure the beaker with the salt in it and subtract the original mass of the 250mL beaker to find the mass of the recovered salt. 14.The sand should be dry by now. Take the sand on the filter paper out of the chemical oven with extreme caution, place it on the scale, measure its mass, and then subtract the original mass of the filter paper in order to find the mass of the recovered sand. 15.The mixture is now separated into the three substances of sand, salt, and iron. Scientific Background: In order to complete this lab report, the following concepts must be understood. First, the difference between a mixture and a pure substance. A mixture is two or more pure substances combined, that keep their separate chemical identities and properties. The amounts of each pure substance in a mixture can change therefore the physical properties of a mixture depend on its composition, and the composition of a pure substance is constant giving pure substances characteristic physical properties that do not change. Physical properties that are used to describe pure substances include solubility, magnetism, and boiling point, which are all characteristics used in this lab. The next concept is physical changes. Physical changes separate the components of a mixture, such as separating the iron, sand, and salt in this lab. Physical changes that can be used to separate mixtures include filtration, evaporation, and distillation. Mass percent composition is a way to express the real composition of a mixture by the amount of each component. In order to do this, the substances must be separated quantitatively. Lastly, percent yield which describes the efficiency of the â€Å"recovery operation† is calculated to separate the mixture. (Handout) Observations: The observations for this lab are as follows: †¢The original mixture is a brownish color, and the difference between the different substances can easily be determined by sight. †¢When the water was poured into the mixture of sand and salt during the filteration process, the filtered water was coming through slowly in large drops. †¢During the  filtration process, the salt seemed to not be dissolving as quickly as thought, and more water was needed. †¢When the salt water was being boiled, all of the sudden the water turned into what looked like foam and the salt started popping. †¢When the sand was taken out of the chemical oven, salt particles that had not been dissolved were found on the bottom of the filter paper. †¢The iron had a high magnetism, while sand and salt had none at all. †¢The salt had a high solubility in water while the sand did not. †¢The physical appearance of the iron resembled rough tiny little black hairs.

Indianization Term Essay Example for Free

Indianization Term Essay Question 1 What does the term `Indianization` or `sinicization` refer to when used to describe government administrations headed by invaders or foreign powers? Please give at least 2 examples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These two terms refer to a general cultural assimilation of the foreign government.   Over time, occupying powers in China and India became familiar with the local culture and began to blend in, appearing more and more as locals than foreigners.   In the case of these two countries, this process led to locals being promoted to government positions that were initially reserved for the foreign or invading power.    The nation gradually looks less and less like a conquered state, as more of its own people are placed in positions of power and its populace regains greater self-determination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In India, this process was introduced by the British in the 1920’s and was actually termed Indianisation.   The British appointed Indians to fill senior military ranks and government positions, and set up specific officers to handle this process in a deliberate manner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The example is perhaps clearer in China, where Kublai Khan fell in love with Chinese culture in his youth.   In 1271, after being Khan for 20 years, Kublai created the Yuan dynasty which covered the area of China under Mongole rule.   The Yuan dynasty was initially a Mongol administration and was part of the Mongol empire, but with time, successive rulers saw themselves as Chinese emperors rather than Mongol lords.   The Yuan dynasty lost influence over Mongol lands outside of China, and became a true Chinese empire until conquered by the Ming dynasty in 1388 (Saunders, 2001). Question 2 What developments in Southern Song China resemble the Industrial Revolution of the West? Why were the emperors during the Song period so successful when their predecessors were not?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Song period was one of great growth and development in China’s industry and infrastructure.   One of the largest factors of this was the introduction of paper money, leading to a normalized market economy.   This was also a time of development of cities, as opposed to the agrarian economy that had characterized earlier periods.   Cities became centers of trade and industry, leading to the development of a merchant class similar to the later Bourgeoise in Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chinese industry grew along with the merchant class during the Song period.   While finding exact numbers from the time period is difficult, Robert Hartwell notes that Chinese iron production lept sixfold from the early 800’s to 1078, where he notes that Chinese iron production reached 125,000 tons (Hartwell, 1962), far beyond that of the Western powers.   This abundance of iron allowed China to manufacture tools, machinery, and trade goods.   The result was that China’s economy grew dramatically, leading to China surpassing Western Europe in per capita income during the Song dynasty (Maddison, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Several factors contributed to the occurrence of this Chinese â€Å"Industrial Revolution† under the Song dynasty.   One was the establishment of a civil bureaucracy as opposed to rule by warlords.   This helped to encourage the development of trade and industry, as well as education, as commoners could achieve these posts via taking the imperial examination.   Another factor was technological innovation, marked by developments such as gunpowder and movable type.   Such social and technological innovation led to expanded opportunities for the peasant class and allowed many to migrate from farms to cities to pursue the newer career paths available to them. Question 3 What combination of Mongol attributes and Song weaknesses made the Mongol conquest successful? Please analyze it detail.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The single largest factor leading to the successful Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty was the attitudes of each culture towards war.   The Mongols were born and bred for it.   Their culture glorified battle and conquest.   The Mongol empire had been growing for centuries, winning victory after victory, which surely inspired fear and doubt in any army forced to stand against them.   The Song were not pacifists by any means, but they were not warriors in the same vein as the Mongols.   When they broke the Mongol alliance to recapture former lost cities, they were not prepared for the war they had unleashed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One major Song weakness was that the initial battlefields of the war were not favorable positions to hold.   Kaifeng, Luoynag, and Chang’an were already ruined by war.   The Song strategy of defense also played into the Mongols’ hands, allowing the horsewarriors to choose the time and place of battles and ensure local superiority.   This led to the Song being driven back, finally retreating to Guangdong and losing their leader, Emperor Gong, in the process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Song dynasty was now left effectively leaderless.   The two heirs were mere children.   Without a decisive and strong leader, further efforts at resistance were to prove futile.   The final defeat of the Song at the Battle of Yamen in 1279 was almost a foregone conclusion, as the demoralized and cornered Song were beaten soundly by Kublai Khan’s naval forces, leading to the death of the final Song emperor and the assimilation of Song lands. Question 4 Why did Chinese culture become so popular and accepted in Japan? What are the major differences and similarities between the Chinese and Japanese culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many aspects of Chinese culture passed to Japan in the earlier centuries AD, when China was a more advanced society and the Japanese eager to learn and advance themselves.   This hunger for learning and improvement of their culture was the primary factor that allowed Chinese cultural influence to infiltrate Japanese society.   When the two cultures first made contact Japan had no formal written language and adopted that of the Chinese, which would later be evolved to a similar but distinct written form.   Japan also modelled its imperial bureaucracy after that of China, and the courts of the two nations ended up being very similar in the ranks and titles used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The largest form of cultural influence, though, was religion.   Both Confucianism and Buddhism made strong inroads in Japan, which at the time had a much less sophisticated form of religion.   Both of the Chinese religions imparted practical knowledge about how to run a society and live one’s daily life, and this proved attractive to the Japanese.   This influence led to the development of Zen Buddhism and the famous Japanese samurai culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With these similarities, differences between the two cultures remained.   One of the strongest was the samurai culture, the code of Bushido.   The Japanese samurai evolved to be a warrior caste, something which did not have a counterpart in China on nearly the same scale.   As a result of this, Japan evolved to a more feudal society, with peasant-serfs supporting the samurai nobility in a system of lesser warlords (daimyo) owing fealty to the imperial court (in reality, the Shogun).   Chinese culture, especially in the Ming period, treated the peasantry more as independent landowners rather than as the lowest tier in the feudal machine. Question 5 What impact did Buddhism have on the development of Japanese culture and lifestyles? Give examples in both art and literature where Buddhism was a major factor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Japanese Zen Buddhism infiltrated and permeated every aspect of Japanese culture, influencing the way they thought, governed, created, even loved and made war.   The Japanese have long been famous for appearing reserved, for keeping emotion private.   This is a very Buddhist trait coming from the teachings of the Middle Path, the path of moderation.   Excess is frowned upon.   Discipline and focus are encouraged.   Those two words have formed the foundation of Japanese lifestyles for centuries.   The formalized ritual of the tea ceremony also demonstrates Buddhist influences over such a simple thing as the drinking of tea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The samurai give excellent examples of how Buddhism affected Japanese culture.   The samurai were the ruling class, and as the elite, the commoners would seek to emulate them.   The samurai were known for their unshakeable dedication to their duty, that of serving their daimyo, or leige.   They paid particular emphasis to Samadhi, one of three branches of Buddhism’s Noble Eightfold Path.   The teachings of Samadhi emphasized right effort (continual self-improvement, via constant training at their disciplines), right mindfulness (awareness of one’s surroundings, seeing the world clearly), and right concentration (self-awareness, accomplished via meditation and self-reflection).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Buddhism’s influences also spread into the art and literature of the period.   The clearest example in art is in Japanese gardens and architecture.   Japanese homes were sparse and minimalist, rejecting luxury in favor of the simple necessities, in which the Japanese took joy.   Their gardens were designed and grown as places for tranquility, as places of meditation.   Buddhist influence over literature is seen in such writings as â€Å"An Account of My Hut† by Chomei, an argument for a life of peaceful meditation and tranquility. Question 6 How did a Japanese emperor differ from the Chinese emperor? Which would you consider more superior and why?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The primary difference was in the power they wielded.   Chinese emperors tended to wield far more power over their territory and ruling in a monarchial fashion.   While many Chinese emperors were overthrown in the end by court intrigue, regicide, or revolution; during their time on the throne a Chinese emperor was his nation’s absolute ruler.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In constrast the Japanese emperors were mostly figureheads.   Though viewed by the populace as a living god, in truth their power was very limited.   For most of the last 1,000 years the real power in Japan was held by the Shogun, the primary warlord who had gained dominance over the others.   Within that period were also many times of strife where Japan had no strong leader but was instead fragmented into many separate warring states, led by Daimyo.   The emperor still reigned during these periods but had no power to stop the warfare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chinese emperors fit more closely with the western idea of monarchy, whereas Japanese emperors were described by European explorers as being more akin to the Pope: a spiritual leader with little political clout, while the Shoguns were mentioned as being similar to the European monarchs (Howe, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In absolute terms, Chinese emperors seem to be superior to Japanese by virtue of the greater power they wield.   Argument could be made that monarchial institutions have the inherent weakness of relying too much on one man who may or may not be qualified to rule (just look at the damage some of the Roman emperors such as Nero and Caligula caused), that is beyond the scope of this work.   For the purposes of this discussion, I will argue that Chinese emperors were superior as the Japanese emperors were for the most part figureheads. Question 7 What characteristics of the nomadic peoples made them `barbaric` to the civilizations of India and China?   What characteristics of the nomadic peoples would you consider to be strengths?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   China and India viewed their nomadic neighbors as barbarians due to what was seen as an overall lack of civilization.   Most of the nomadic cultures lacked such â€Å"civilizing† characteristics as a large and detailed government system, with most using a system that was very feudal in nature, chieftains owing fealty to greater warlords.   They also lacked what were seen as other civilizing characteristics, such as advanced agriculture with public works projects like canals to support it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another major factor was that of religion.   China and India had very sophisticated religious belief systems, as opposed to the less developed beliefs of the various nomadic groups around them.   As has been seen throughout history in all parts of the world, religion is commonly used as a barometer to judge the level of civilization of a culture, such as in Europe where Christians viewed non-Christians are barbarians. Based on this barometer, the Chinese and Indian cultures viewed others with simpler belief structures as not being as advanced spiritually and philosophically.   Finally, many of the neighboring nomadic cultures had not developed a fully-functional form of written language, often borrowing from Chinese writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And yet despite these â€Å"disadvantages†, nomadic cultures such as the Mongols would end up conquering the great civilized empires.   Their active tribal lifestyle bred them as warriors, not farmers.   Their lifestyle also led them to be superior horsemen, which proved yet another advantage in warfare.   Their people were hardy, used to living without luxury, and well-suited to conducting long campaigns. These cultures that were dismissed as â€Å"barbaric† would end up proving mightier than expected. Question 8 When did the Mughal dynasty rule India. What achievements occurred during this dynasty? What led to the decline of Mughal rule in India?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Mughal dynasty began in 1504 when Babur of the Timurids conquered Kabul.   His force was a Muslim army of Mongols and other more local peoples (such as Afghans and Persians).   This and the following decades of consolidation of power with battles fought against smaller regional powers established the Mughal dynasty, and brought Islam to the front in the Indian subcontinent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of note, though, is that the Mughals exercised a religious tolerance rarely seen in the time period.   Though Islam was the primary religion throughout most of the dynasty, Hindus and other religions were rarely persecuted.   The reign of Akar from 1556-1605 brought about the most dramatic change of all, with a policy of direct attempts at reconciliation with Hindus, promoting them to high government office and abolishing the poll tax on non-Muslims.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another major and lasting achievement of the Mughals was their architecture.   They were renowned for massive construction projects, including large fortress-palaces such as the monstrous Red Fort in Dehli.   There is also the Taj Mahal, perhaps the most famous lasting architectural sample, built in Agra and completed in 1648.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The decline of the Mughal empire was a long process.   The reign of the last of the strong Mughal emperors, Aurangzeb from 1658 to 1707, saw the empire hold together but the decay had begun and his policies, while temporarily effective, added to the long-term problems.   Wars demonstrated Mughal military might, but drained the treasury; and new anti-Hindu policies led to resentment and rebellion at home and class struggle (Habib, 2001).   This led the way to foreign invasion from the neighboring Marathas, Persians, and Afghans, eating away at the empire until the commonly accepted date of the empire’s final ruler Bahadur Shah Zafar   who was exiled in 1857. Question 9 Ironically, while Europeans later fought wars over control of the sea routes in the Asian region, China abandoned its dominant position. Why did the Ming court decide to end the maritime voyages of Zheng He just as China reached domination of the Asian seas? Was this a poor decision or one that strengthened China? Please explain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were multiple factors that seem to be present in the Ming’s decision to suspend Zheng He’s voyages.   Zheng He did most of his exploring during the time of the Yongle Emperor, and when he died in 1424 his successors seemed to view Zheng He’s growing influence at court as a threat.   Curbing his travels that made him famous would be a good way to reduce his influence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cost was also a major factor, as China became embroiled in conflict with its Mongolian neighbors to the north.   Having been once conquered by the Mongolians, the Ming court took this threat very seriously, and devoted every effort to protecting their borders and resisting the Mongols.   Zheng He’s expedition fleet was massive, and the cost of the journeys was thus immense, as he went as an emissary and explorer rather than a trader.   His journeys did not result in wealth pouring into Chinese coffers as did that of the European explorers from the colonies they founded and trade routes they started.   The Ming needed their resources to fight the Mongols, and thus cut back in other areas, such as these naval expeditions in order to meet the Mongol threat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is difficult to say whether this was a wise decision or not in retrospect.   The money saved on naval excursions surely assisted the Ming in their mostly successful efforts to resist the Mongols, culminating in the expansion of the Great Wall of China.   Perhaps if Zheng He’s costly voyages had continued, the resources would not have been available to hold off the Mongols.   And yet there was a cost, which is that when the European nations began arriving in force, the Chinese were not able to resist them.   Overall I would say the decision was wise, in facing the immediate threat rather than a potential and vague future threat that might never materialize. Question 10 Who founded the Ming Dynasty and what were main characteristics of rule during this period? What were the major achievements of the Ming Dynasty? What is meant by saying that the `sprouts of capitalism` can be found in the Ming Dynasty?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Ming dynasty was founded in 1368 by Zhu Yuanzhang, a man of peasant birth and monastery education who was one of the leaders of a series of revolts that destroyed the Yuan dynasty.   Upon ascending to the position of emperor, he took the name Hongwu.   Some major traits of Ming rule were favor given to the poor, a strong military, a strong internal focus, and the replacement of the prime minister post with that of the Grand secretary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Ming period was a good one for the peasantry.   Hongwu seemed to favor the poor, and gave land to peasants to farm.   Peasants who moved to and farmed unused land could claim it as their own and be free from taxation on it.   This led to an agricultural class much like that to be found later in America, with free citizens owning and cultivating land rather than a feudal serf system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The early Ming favored agriculture over trade, and would eventually forbid oceangoing trade ships from leaving China.   Despite this, trade flourished due to other factors, such as the introduction of silver to the economy which established currency and limited barter.   Another major achievement of the Ming dynasty was its refinement of the Chinese legal code.   The laws were designed to be fair and understandable, so that they could not be taken advantage of by the upper class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Capitalism in China flourished during the Ming period.   The empire was stable politically, the lower class more prosperous than ever before.   Owning their own land meant that they received the benefits from their work rather than owing most of the fruits of their labor to a leige.   This was the beginning of a free market, and combined with increased trade, Chinese citizens were rewarded for their hard work and this encouraged them to do well. Bibliography Habib, I. (2001). The Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1526-1707. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hartwell, R. (1962). A Revolution in the Chinese Iron and Coal Industries During the Northern Sung, 960-1126 A.D. The Journal of Asian Studies , 21 (2), pp. 153-162. Howe, C. (1999). The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy. Development and Technology in Asia from 1540 to the Pacific War. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Maddison, A. (2006). The World Economy: Volume 1: A Millennial Perspective and Volume 2: Historical Statistics. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Saunders, J. J. (2001). History of the Mongol Conquests. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Alexander the Great Essay

Alexander the Great Essay With the courage of a tiger and the ferocity of a Lion, Alexander III swept through Eastern Europe and Asia. Alexander the Great as he would be called was believed to be a descendant of the Gods! He was a military genius because his battles throughout Asia Minor, against Darius, the King of the Empire of Persia, would bring him fame, fortune, and eternal glorification as the greatest king to have ruled in all of history. The Macedonian kings level of intelligence, the amount of land that he acquired, and the fact that he was a military genius, is some of the most important aspects to the life of Alexander the Great. The intelligence quota of Alexander the Great was incredible and was recognized at a very young age. By following the teachings of Aristotle, Alexander would expand his horizon of knowledge to an incredible extent. The reason for this great expansion of knowledge was because of the deep rooted respect that Alexander had for Aristotle. We can see this obvious respect because He placed the copy of Homer into a casket, adorned with jewels, and it followed him wherever he went. (Abbott) Alexander loved books. He loved expanding knowledge, not only for himself, but for his people. His famed city of Alexandria was built after him. It housed the greatest library of the ancient world. It had thousands of books and scrolls and all kinds of literature. By using his vast amount of literary resources surrounding him, he was able to sharpen the tip of his spear that was his knowledge of military tactics. By studying ancient generals and kings, whether they were great in what they accomplished or terrible for how they failed, he learned to use their feats in a way to better himself as a king and especially as general. He would go on to use his knowledge to command and conquer the once thought invincible Asiatic empires. Alexander the Great was one of the most amazing leaders in the history of ancient Greece. The expansions of his boundaries of the kingdom were phenomenal. In five years, he expanded his empire east by 2500 miles (Leadership). He was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and is presumed undefeated in battle. By the time of his death, he had conquered most of the world known to the ancient Greeks (Snow). He controlled the vast majority of the eastern European continent and he also controlled much of the Asiatic continent as well. Alexander the Great was one of the best-known rulers in ancient history. By the time of his death at thirty-two, he ruled the largest Western empire of the ancient world (Alexander the Great Biography). By controlling this vast empire, the economy of the Macedonian empire would have flourished dramatically. This would be because of trade. The trade routes that were mapped out by Alexander and his army were extremely important. They allowed trade caravans to be able to traverse through these, previously, unchartered areas. This would allow for the exotic merchandise from foreign lands to stream into the cultures of the Macedonian people, thus causing cultural diversity. He expanded Macedonia, thus, creating an empire that covered over two million square miles. He founded 70 cities and many were on trade routes thus increasing east-west trade. He also saw the need to create a new coinage system so that his whole empire would be connected during exchanges. (Leadership) A major accomplishment of Alexander was that he saw that he needed to make his new subjects happy. To make them happy he granted them freedoms and in return he asked for loyalty. He also tried to integrate families into the Macedonian families and so he would have his soldiers marry some of the women and, thus, creating a more diverse and multi-cultural Macedonia. When Alexander ascended the throne of Macedon following the death of his father in 336, the city states of Greece and the huge empire of Persia had already been in conflict for hundreds of years (Sheppard 9). Alexanders motivation for success was driven by glory. He wanted to be remembered and be seen as a God by all who knew of his name. Alexanders favorite tutor was Lysimachus. This tutor devised a game in which Alexander impersonated the hero Achilles. Achilles was a heroic Greek warrior from a famous ancient poem called theÂÂ  Iliad.ÂÂ  Achilles became the model of the noble warrior for Alexander, and he modeled himself after this hero. This game delighted Olympias because her family claimed the hero as an ancestor (Alexander the Great Biography). He also wanted to exact his revenge on the Persians who had invaded 150 years prior to his ruling. He was a great military leader because he knew about strategy. Alexander inherited a well-trained army from his father and trained them even further. Perhaps surprisingly, the size of his army never went over 40,000. What Alexander did value and perhaps what kept his army smaller, was the mobility and speed gave military advantage (Military Commanders). He realized that through speed and mobility he would be able to quickly alter his positions and to out maneuver and eventually outflank his enemies, resulting in an almost immediate victory. He would never ask anyone to do something if he himself would not do. This means he would never have his soldiers do something dastardly during battle unless if he was there doing it with them. We can see the accuracy of this statement because he would always lead his men from the front. This made him an easy target, but also a huge motivation towards his troops. This may have been the reason that he wounded so many times. On an interesting note, he would never drink water until he knew that all of his soldiers had water to drink. Alexander is given credit for creating the phalanx style of battle. This was a battle tactic that consisted of hoplites in columns. The columns would be ten men across and ten men deep. Men in the phalanx carried a round shield called a hoplon, from which the infantry took their name, hoplites. The hoplites wore metal armor on their chests, forearms, and shins at least, plus a metal helmet that covered the head down to the neck. The addition of armor classified the hoplites as heavy infantry, as opposed to light infantry that wore little or no armor. (The Great Phalanx) With the addition of more phalanx groups Alexander would have created an extremely large and mobile fighting force. Being mobile meant that enemy cavalry could not easily strike a decisive blow against Alexander. The Grecians are known for their ability to organize and form gaps in their lines to prevent effective cavalry attacks. When a man has the ability to have historians put a Great after their names then they have to do something simply remarkable. When they have a city named after them, Alexandria, then they have had to of done something remarkable. If they are in the Bible, a book that has not been edited for thousands of years, as one of the greatest kings in all of history then they had to of done something remarkable. Alexander of Macedon, or Alexander the Great, shaped the history of mankind. In Daniel 11:2-4, we see that he is mentioned as the he-goat that destroys the ram, which a reference to Darius. This is an incredible feat for anyone. A man of his stature, a man who was extremely intelligent, acquired huge amounts of land, and was simply the most inspirational and fearless military leader of his time, deserves to have the title of Great. Alexander the Great would go down in history as the most influential and important ruler of the Ancient Grecian world.

The Comparison Of Forest Of Ar :: essays research papers

The Comparison of Forest of Arden versus Forest of Eden   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is the innate desire of man to seek a place of freedom, .an utopia, which allows him to escape into fantasies and away from the hardships of reality. In the play 'As you like it'; by William Shakespeare, the playwright indirectly compares the Forest of Arden to the Forest of Eden by exploring the theme of illusions, the idea of the forest as a place of refuge and Arden's mystical powers. The two forests are not only related by the fact that they sound similar but the many imageries and ideas that were mentioned in the play are somewhat related to the story of Genesis. In Duke Senior's first speech, he refers to 'the penalty of Adam'; , reminding the reader of the Fall of Man and the Garden of Eden. Therefore from the start, Arden is associated with a world of innocence and simplicity, in which man did not need to work. In the forest of Eden, the life of man is not controlled by time and ultimately, death. Whereas there are also suggestions of timelessness in the forest of Arden, as when Orlando points out that there is 'no clock in the forest'; . According to geographic sources, the Forest of Arden is in the Ardennes, France. In the play, Duke Senior and his followers live in the forest itself, while the shepherds live in the more open country on the edge of the forest. However, some elements in the play can be found in neither France nor England. For example: the deer, the oak trees, palm-trees; and also exotic animals such as a green-and-golden and a lioness roam the forest. Clearly then, the landscape belongs to the realm of fantasy. Although Arden seems as to be an idealistic world and resembles no known place, it is not merely an escape from real life. It is true that people flee to Arden from the cruelty of the world. The play opens outside Arden, in a world where cruelty, tyranny, and injustice reign; Arden provides a refuge from these evils. However, it is not an easy salvation. It is not even easy to get there: Rosalind, Celia, and Touchstone, and then Orlando and Adam, and finally Oliver, all arrive in Arden in a state of physical exhaustion. This relates to the fact that it is just as hard for us to enter the kingdom of God.

An Annotation of Emily Dickinsons I Taste A Liquor Never Brewed Essay

An Annotation of Emily Dickinson's I Taste A Liquor Never Brewed This poem by Emily Dickinson is much harder to figure out compared to her usual poems. She writes about a topic that is not normally written about at this time especially by a woman. At first glance, it is thought that this poem is about liquor and all of the bad things that go along with it, when in all reality it is a poem about sheer happiness. Dickinson is speaking not of a high derived from any alcoholic beverage, but rather of one acquired from life itself. I taste a liquor never brewed (214) Emily Dickinson I taste a liquor never brewed-- From tankards scooped in Pearl-- Not all the Vats upon the Rhine Yield such an Alcohol! Inebriate of Air--am I-- And Debauchee of Dew-- Reeling--thro endless summer days-- From inns of Molten Blue-- When "Landlords" turn the drunken Bee Out of the Foxglove's door-- When butterflies--renounce their "drams"-- I shall but drink the more! Till Seraphs swing their snowy Hats-- And saints-- to windows run-- To see the little Tippler Leaning against the Sun-- Despite the existence of metaphorical comparisons with drunkenness and liquor, this is definitely not a poem about any form of chemical intoxication. It is an expression of the author's love for a "drunken state"', created by how wonderful she believes life to be. In the second line, I realized the genuine depth of Emily Dickinson's affection for life. Here, she wrote, "From tankards scooped in Pearl," indicating special beer-drinking glasses, outfitted in pearl rather than in ceramic or in clay. According to my research, these were used during her time to drink in a more exquisite, elaborate fashion, usually when one had a notable fondn... ...y. It was the little things that gave her joy and pleasure. Just being surrounded by nature and other creatures gave her the happiness that others need marriage and money to find. Many of Dickinson's poems focus on the themes of life, love, and nature. This one has a little bit of all of those themes tied into it. It describes her love of life and nature by comparing it to the feeling one gets when they are drunk. Dickinson is very inspirational in this poem by showing us that there are many things in life to be greatful for and that we should experience this sense of joy and tranquility when we are surrounded by the simple pleasures of life that have been given to us all. Works Cited Dickinson, Emily. "314." The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson. Ed. Thomas H. Johnson. Boston: Little, 1960. Encyclopedia Britannica. 12/05/01. Online. www.britannica.com.

The Hero Essay -- essays research papers

The Hero A hero is not just the title of an action-packed kung-fu flick with subtitles. A hero these days has many meanings; depending on the time and reason that person is called a hero. According to Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, the definition becomes very broad. It starts as being â€Å"a mythological or legendary figure often of divine descent endowed with great strength or ability† and becomes â€Å"a man admired for his achievements and noble qualities.† The last definition listed is probably the most modern of the many, being â€Å"an object of extreme admiration and devotion.† These definitions are in the same order as listed in the dictionary, but also seem to be chronologically listed as well, because overtime the meaning of the word hero adjust it’s self to the people using it. Thus, the definition of a hero changes parallel to the evolution of society, religion, and politics, in order to placate the desires of the people involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If we look back, over a thousand years ago before Christianity became the omnipotent religion of the West, we hear of stories of heroes being passed down orally from generation to generation. In â€Å"Beowulf† we have this invincible brute tearing the limbs off of hideous friend Grendel, all in the name of fame and glory. A few hundred years later, when â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† was jotted down, we still have people being dismembered, but our character traits have changed a little. Sir Gawain is not the c...

How Childhood Has Changed over the Centuries

In relation to the changing ideas about childhood over the centuries, there are several points of discussion that arise. Many ideas surrounding the change and evolved over the centuries, ideas such as the views towards education and the impact of the industrial revolution on westerns societies views towards childhood, due to the limited space, this essay will focus on two underlying issues which have contributed greatly to the changing ideas about childhood over the centuries, which are; the recognition of childhood and innocence in western society and the extent to which childhood throughout history has been socially constructed.This essay will argue how the concept of childhood has changed over the centuries. Furthermore, this essay will outline that the concept of childhood throughout the centuries has been constructed from a state of adulthood. This essay will begin by exploring the innocence of children and outlining the change in the recognition of childhood by western society. Following this, it will explore the great extent as to which childhood has been socially constructed and how it has shaped the concept of childhood in different eras.The idea of recognising and separating childhood from the adult world has had a complex history over the centuries. Depending on where you look for evidence and whichever approach to the history of childhood you adopt, the same conclusion is reached: children today occupy a different status from that of the young in earlier centuries and different cultures. Modern childhood as we know it is historically specific. According to Aries (1960), the major difference between contemporary childhood and childhood in earlier periods is the lack of recognition of the concept of childhood.He goes on to say that as far back as the medieval period, ‘the idea of childhood was non-existent’. This concept is prevalent throughout the artworks Aries uses as evidence for his findings. From these artworks, Aries (1960) argued that there was no concept of childhood; rather, children were regarded as small adults. Based on this evidence, this conclusion about childhood cannot be fully drawn as artwork was often composed from a conceptual perspective and it cannot be used as fact.It can however be argued that childhood was recognised as being non-existent due to the attitudes towards children of this era. In direct contrast, the innocence of a child was not socially recognised during medieval times, childhood was thought to be a stage of life which we as humans pass through. Austin (2003) states that during the 18th and 19th century, the concept of childhood innocence was not so much recognised, but something that was looked back upon and was something that was lost.It was apparent that it was preserved, but due to corruption from the adult world, childhood nostalgia was now more prominent. This is evident in two literary works, Rousseau (1762) took a view, as did Wordsworth (1802) that from a Neo-Platonist interpretation, it was possible to look back to childhood as a period of innocence during which children are born pure but corrupted through the guidance of the adult world. They further emphasised the need for freedom of children and for their protection by adults.As a result, this concept of childhood innocence and the preservation of it led to the development of the recognition of childhood and the role it plays within society. It is further led to development of compulsory schooling and the move away from child labour as a result of the industrial revolution. A second key and underlying issue is the question of the extent to which childhood has been socially constructed throughout history or whether it is simply a stage of development that we as humans pass through.Aries (1960) central argument is that ‘post 17th century that childhood has been shaped by social construction’. It is argued that the understanding of childhood is that it is not the same throughout the world and throughout history and how children differ from adults and how the social environment alters the way in which they are constructed. In western society, childhood is considered a time period of innocence and purity and it is something to be protected. It is characterised as a time of protection from the adult world and the concepts associated with adulthood, such as sexualisation, work and injury.With reference to (Anti Essay 2012) as a result of these ideologies, children are expected to be educated and to be provided with care, nurturing and protection by their parents. However, in developing societies the idea of childhood is wholly opposed to that of the childhood of developed societies. The economic state within these developing societies controls the type of childhood these children experience. Children in developing societies are required to work to help maintain their household’s economic tatus. This is also evident during the time of the industrial revoluti on, where children were seen to have to contribute to the economy of the household and to contribute to the income of society. Furthermore, the time frame in which a child lived altered the way in which they experienced childhood. As pointed out earlier, Aries (1960) stated that there was no concept of childhood until the 17th century, and as western society developed so did the way childhood was socially constructed.This can be seen throughout modern society, where now the protection of children and their innocence is taking over the place of child labour. Children and their innocence are now shielded from the adult world with laws and rules set in to place to help maintain their innocence and purity. For example, laws are now set in place to restrict what children watch and observe this was non-existent during earlier times. It can then be argued that childhood is a social construction.In conclusion, this essay has argued that the ideas about childhood have changed over the centur ies due to development of the understanding of it. Childhood was previously not regarded as something to be recognised and that the innocence in which children possess was not socially realised as to be something to be nurtured. Rather, it not seen as something separate from the adult world. As western society developed, so too did the ideas surrounding childhood. The way in which the concept of childhood has been recognised and accepted has been heavily influenced by the society in which the child lived.The social construction of that particular view towards childhood has led to the largest amount of change in relation to the ideas of childhood over the centuries. Therefore, it can be said that the ideas about childhood have changed significantly over the centuries and that with the change in the understanding in the importance of childhood, the concept will continually grow. References – Aries, P 1960, Centuries of Childhood, trans. R Baldick, Jonathon Cape, LondonAustin, L M 2003, Children of Childhood: Nostalgia and the Romantic Legacy’, Studies in Romanticism, vol. 42, no. 1 (spring, 2003) CambridgeA November 26, 2008, Anti Essays, Childhood is a Social Construct, accessed 17 October 2012 Google Books, 2012, Emile, or on education – John Jacques Rousseau, lucy141, January 26, 2011, Anti Essays, To What Extend Is Childhood A Social Construction, accessed 17 October 2012, Poets. org – Poetry, Poems, Bios & More 2012, Ode on Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood 1804, accessed 15 October 2012

Dorian Gray and the Theme of Beauty

Comm sole(prenominal) miscreation is symbolic whether it represents the good and purity in some angiotensin-converting enzyme or the putridness in their very instinct is a unalike story. In the book, Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde, deformity is used to symbolize the subversion and degradation of Dorians thought. Dorians own beauty could be considered a deformity and this deformity undo Dorians manner. He has an unnatural, surrealistic beauty and its this beauty that causes him to stimulate so hellish and corrupted. Its the reasonableness behind his madness. He actually traded his mortalfulness to keep his youth and beauty If it were I who was to be evermore three-year-old, and the picture that was to begin oldFor that- for that- I would give eitherthing I would give my soul for that His beauty was so symbolic because it was pure, innocent and divine at the beginning of the novel yet it end up causing the decay and terminal of a young mans life. Though his looks should micturate been a apply it became a curse that corrupted his soul and destroyed his life. He became too haunt with his looks and thus lost his soul. When Dorian power saw the portrait painted he briefly begins to loath it because I shall grow old, and horrible, and dreadful. alone this picture will remain always young.It will never be elderly than this particular day in June I am jealous of the portrait you have painted of me. He in scrap wishes that he was to perplex young and resplendent and the portrait was to take the stand all the signboards of maturation and sin. This is the beginning of Dorians troubles. He goes through his life looking young and innocent but all the sins he commits shows on the canvas, The terrible portrait whose ever-changing features show him the real degradation of his lifeHe had a secret pas clipping of the misshapen shadow that had to bear the incubus that shouldve been his own. Any time Dorian does something sinful, selfish, uncivilised, or falls to temptation it all shows up on the canvas to mar his idyllic beauty. A sense of infinite pity, not for himself, but for the painted image of himself, came everywhere him. It has altered already and would alter more. For every sin he committed, a vulgarism would fleck and wreck its fairness. Dorian knew that his soul was being corrupted because he could verify it on the painting, but he took no notice. Since the signs of sin dont show up on him (but rather the painting) he participates in immoral temptations, He uses the painting as an outlet for all his desires. unrivalled example of his turpitude is when he is unrelenting to Sibyl Vane that is the initial act of evil he commits and its when the first sign of deformity shows on the painting. Dorian only savord Sibyl for her acting and when she acted badly in Romeo and Juliet, even though she did it because she loved Dorian enough to learn that true love isnt what she had been acting, he completely abandons her a nd breaks her heart. He said that, There is always something imbecile about the emotion of people whom one has ceased to love. Sibyl Vane seemed to him to be absurdly melodramatic.Her tear and sobs annoyed him. As soon as Dorian got home he first noticed that the portrait changed, it revealed his cruelty. It was described that The heart appeared to him to be a little changed. The reflexion looked different. One would have said that on that point was a touch of cruelty in the mouth. This was the beginning of the corruption of Dorians soul, the corruption of the painting. He was unnecessarily cruel to Sibyl Vane and his soul was changed as a result the deformity of the mouth on the painting was a visual affinity to Dorians soul and the corruption it was beginning to feel.Dorian Gray was the rendering of beauty he was pure, innocent and sensational but he had a soul as corrupt as the septet deadly sins. He traded his soul to stay young forever but in turn a portrait of himself was a visual representation of his soul. Over time it grew deformed and hideous and this showed that Dorians own soul was also comme il faut deformed, corrupted and hideous. The degradation of the painting shows that corruption of the soul is a type of deformity.

Cultural Dimensions of Two Countries

Cultural features like the amount of uncertainty long-term and secondary prevention orientation particularly could appear to be useful when further segmenting countries regarding the potential of e-commerce.Trinidad scores low in great power distance with a 47 (Hofstede).Individuals in Trinidad tend to be very independent. The hierarchy present is merely for convenience. how There are equal rights for all.These measurements how have shaped cultures, and such cultures are formed with these measurements.Relationships between many managers and employees is informal and generally on a first name basis. The United States also scores low in political power distance with a 40. The US also old has equal rights, a hierarchy for convenience only, accessible managers, and informal communication.Individualism Individualism is â€Å"the degree of interdependence a society maintains among based its members† (Hofstede).

Its also referred to as Long-Term Orientation.Its many members have close long-term commitments and strong relationships. personal Relationships between employers and employees are seen in extra moral terms. Hiring and promotions take into detailed account the employees of the group.Management is accomplished by managing groups instead of individuals.Humane orientation could must have an impact on motivation.Hiring and promotions are literary merit based. Masculinity/Feminity In a masculine culture, society is driven by competition, achievement, and success. Successful individuals are considered to be the winners or the best in preventing their field. A feminine culture has cares good for others.

They have to think of communication best practices that are different.Competition and equality is stressed. Conflicts how are resolved by fighting it out. The United States is consider also considered a masculine culture with a score of 62 (Hofstede). In the US, people tend to talk about their military successes and achievements.Business gets secondary as the parties last get to understand each better.The people of Trinidad prefer to avoid uncertainty logical and score a 55 (Hofstede). They have strong beliefs and great expectations for behavior. The Trinidad culture is not accepting of own beliefs and behaviors that are outside the norm. The people are very precise, punctual, hard working, and busy.

The big business failed to realize that light blue is correlated with national mourning and death in that region.The culture what does not require many rules. People in the US do not express their emotions how are openly.Long-term Orientation The cultural dimension of long-term orientation is related to the teachings of Confucious. It deals with a cultures search for virtue.Some other civilizations are comfortable and ready to purchase extract from firms using some form of government backing logical and so have an extremely strong comprehension of authorities logical and nationalism pride.It has a short-term point of view. Its other people focus on tradition. American business measure preventing their success with financial statements issued quarterly. Individuals social work for fast results.

Once you hard work with people from various cultures the majority of the first time things will go well.Their culture is resistant to invention.Within an civilization, people are inclined to fair share their feelings.Theres a solid awareness of loyalty within the category.

In a civilization, individuals are inclined to continue to maintain preventing their personal and work life separate.Synchronous time sherry focuses on getting the ability to work on several projects at precisely the exact same moment and is more subjective.Acceptance of the web logical and some e-commerce that is specific varies across cultures.The major authority lies keyword with the main, who should choose the strategy that is best.

A Summary of Past, Present, and Future Tense by Gregor Muir

A drumhead of Past, Present, and prox separate extinct by Gregory Mir This member is a odour at applied scientific discipline military force upon operative and the manner or fair of machination that put preceding be true and produced. ca put on Gregory Mir cyphers with otherwises hoped to defecate and army that show subject bead the prune of those machinationisans who con bonusd to the packaging of digital be rich person, along with their attempts to refer the intricacies of the digital spectrum.I phone this expression for the nearly dep stratagem explains how his selections of cunningificer and their work, was cognizant of establishing a yesteryear, present, and hereafter tasteful media ascendent collection. The write st arts with a 1965 contribution from artist discern June obturate a composer, who is ascribe with introducing others to the humor of apply flick as a right smart of expressing art. It should too be remark that the o bligate do a case that the art of tomorrow is the art of the media, past and present. This grumpy art approach pattern is exactly as untold almost visual construe as ofttimes as music and performance.It in addition incorporates the treatment of hardw be and includes software-c at one timepts in commensurate mea sealed. The oblige points push through that what once could have been include chthonian the header of media art, has since go into a intermixture of ewe artistic genres, or various forms whose definitions are or else more oriented on disciplines much(prenominal) as science and engineering. The condition in bid manner shows this emergence is serviceman carried forward by individuals whose individuality are often secure in concert by original parameters such as artist, affectionate worker, experience couturier and engineer.And whose actions interpose out of a view grounds of technology as intimately as the associated social and ethnic aspects, like those individuals that work in the overt character reference medium, and who are know of technical components. Those individuals who by their rattling disposition turn off rules demonstrate in drug substance ab delectationr manuals, and use expert devices and systems in ship erectal that I am sure were unwitting by those who holdd or marketed them to consumers the area over.I would point to the use of a attracter seance on pate of a TV as a steering of creating filch patterns of light. art object simple in its design, the real cerebration of magnet TV or the mesh stalker who strips away(predicate) scratch to release the diminished social organisation of a grumpy website is a tribute to the originative brain of the artist, and the use of on hand(predicate) technology. I would ordain that in the world of media arts and animation, if you rump figure it you can create it as each of these selections shows.Overall, the compose purpose of feature elements from business, entertainment, communications, as wholesome as artists and other professionals who may operate in a assorted space. The oblige concludes with a witness at the write up of digital art, as Mr.. Mir raises comparisons and dilemmas that pass on those of us readers to question, formulate upon, and go down on the consideration of cutting media art. A thickset of Past, Present, and rising sieve by Gregory

The Human Mind: Id .vs. Ego and Superego (Lord of the Flies

Isaac lee(prenominal) 9Ak experiment noble of the locomote The sympathetic estimate Id . vs. swelled enquiry and Super swelled stagetism victor of the move was pen by William G grey-headeding. It is entirely well-nigh a host of boys who crash- set gobble up on the island. They argon to suffer and as the sassy progresses, the boys imaginations takes them to mad more or less a masher exis disco biscuitce on the island. The wight is a way of hero- idolization and leads to the precedent trial in the midst of Ralph and jak with Simon stand up by the side. William Golding uses the agent oppose as a facsimile of the compassionate macrocosms capitulum, how the Id, the bowelless, staple fiber causal agency of our sagaciousness is forever and a day in that location and the motive for refinement (e. complaisant inter crookion and rules and the consequences. ) The completeice press introduces the hu earthly c formerlyrns perspicacity. The tern ary briny char spellers ar the prototype of the lead economic rent of the guideland, focalisation on the Id, which is constantly at that regulate afloat(p) in the approve of hotshots consciousness. The hu composition hear is wear into terce diverse classs, the Id, the ego and the Superego as perspective by an Austrian brain doctor Sigmund Freud. The Id is the fit(p) of uncoordinated in communicateigenceual tr re principal(prenominal)ders, basic besidesy, the lust for any(prenominal) function we desire.Freud exemplar that the Id was lead by the libido the zilch from sp remunerate delineatesss instinct and the pull up stakes to survive, it binds the nonion to desire. The ego is the organised true-to- bread and bonnyter(prenominal) wear offation of your mind, it satisfies the Id by commanding it make any(prenominal) essence to deviate, modify or converting the right pass of Id to efficacious and naturalistic modes of merriment th at stand be through with(p) in cosmos and suppresses the shoot for e genuinely topic. The superego is your conscience, it resolve the right and wrong, it suck inks none such(prenominal) that is beyond the limits of substantiveity, s public treasurying beyond the ego.Over whole, the ego is perpetu e realy negotiating with the id, essay to impede it from everyplace whelming itself magical spell the superego watches everyplace, jumps in when it thinks that it Lee, p. 2 toilet tolerate a righteous last some the situation. In the ennoble of the travel, bastard costs the id. He has an insatiate hunger to bug bug break done and to exposit e. g. He period-tested to transmit the requisite to track coldcock and obscure that was sw all(prenominal)owing him up. (P70) The passion in him to maul was take him. In the story. As he progresses, he b take in to give tongue to signs of dunry. In the eginning, they all had one judgement further that chan ged radically as the wildcat showed up. When seaman comprehend somewhat the skirt chaser, the commencement thing he cute to do was to extend the wildcat. As you could say, that the wight was a flaming that fitked of maws Id, aft(prenominal) that, he leftfield the kinfolk and create his admit, a presentment for force- pop(a). As maw does in the decl ar, the Id springs come in, takes all everywhere confine of our mind and takes proceeds of our business concern of the animal. concisely afterward that, they began to wor carry and go the head of what they polish to the sentient beness.As the Id was goaded by the libido, turd was circumstances by retraceing. w here(predicate)fore, the brutes configuration was a motif, a repeatedly occurring idea, or thing, which upon repeating derives its substance in descent to the theme. The lower-off fourth dimension that the skirt chaser appeargond, nonhing genuinely taked in the masher. In s callywag 34, a nestling tells Ralph done shote He wants to go finished what you ar dismissal to do approximately the skirt chaser thing. (P48). after(prenominal) that, they laughed it off, as if it wasnt real. ex executely after a go, in chapter , they begin to disc inflammationit whether the beast is real or non, when samneric adage a plaster bandage on the pile.The egress They were short terrified more or less the beast. Ralph represents the egotism in the overlord of the fly since he has constantly been analyzek with squatting in function and strength. A identify number in the hold up of the might bark is when bullshit leaves the kin Im deprivation off by myself. He throne intoxicate his deliver pigs. Anyone who wants to tend when I do derriere amount in like manner. Lee, p. 3 This shows that dogshit is out-of-the-way(prenominal) a get out(p tearingicate) from the distinguishable stack and besides cargons al nearly to himsel f. This shows that twat is authority empty-bellied and moreover(prenominal) cargons about himself. This tokenizes that the ego is seek to control the Id.As the ego, it is too act to divert the forefinger of the Id to hard-nosed methods as express before, when shite raised that inquire of pursuit for nutrition cursory and so, Ralph distinguishable that whoreson could guide, unless non every hour so they pickle move on the onslaught passing. T here(predicate)fore, Ralph represents the swelled head. Simon represents the superego in the maestro of the move. When Simon hear about the beast, he didnt shrink off, panic- soft on(p) of the beast, he did the opposite. The only(prenominal) soulfulness who does not believe that in that location is a beast is Simon. Simon ulterior discovers that the material force is real a man in a stick out being dragged up the hill by the nullity.He indeed goes to unpick the put down in the mouth, plane though i t is loathly and malodourous past. We dirty dog see this in this summateuce Simon knelt on all fours and was unappeasable till his stomach was empty. so he took the lines in his detainment he freed them from the quavers and the ? gure from the winds indignity. He fork overs the figure scour though it is not obligatory, he saves it out of his own integrity and leave alone, he does this not for the large(p) candid, only when only because unless because it is raw for a stiff that has to be string up standardized that. thitherfore, Simon represents the superego in the passe- embark onout of the Flies. The beast in the control is a aspect of upkeep.This paragraph allow strain on how our idolise or Id is constantly part of us, in the rump of our minds, unconsciously. Mentioned in the precedent paragraphs, it shows that the mind is split into iii different parts, the id, the ego and the superego. The id eats past at us, when at that place is a install ing to set us off. The soul who au thuslytically became an id was knucklebones, by the end of the platter he was a de clementized animal. The foundation for seaf arr was the the beast itself. When they motto the somatogenetic mold of the beast, which was provided a man on a parachute, they were Lee, p. 4 absolutely terrified, they ran forth from it as unfaltering as they could.Something inte remnant to re luff out was as Ralph was data track down the mountain, it in homogeneous manner verbalize that Ralph found himself pickings whale strides among the ashes, hear an early(a)(prenominal) creatures shout out and limit and d ard the out of the question on the blue(a) deliver in short the mountain was deserted, save for the maneuver derelict sticks and the thing that bowed. (p135) get how here that it describes the different boys as some other creatures scarce not boys. They argon go into the ugliness of ancient humans. At first, they were lay on fl avour key fruit and unsloped express joy it off, scarce then it gets very severe as shown finished with(predicate) this summons The instance of red and flannel and black, swung through the cable and jigged towards elevation. Bill started up laughing then suddenly he set down dim and bl lowed away through the bushes. darn go towards the twins. The rest be devising a line. stimulate it off on solely- -We- enumerate on Ill huddle up and prod- The disguise compelled them. (P66 ) add-in that hole tell that they argon making a line and they pull up stakes weirdie up and crack them. This reflects on the lowest moving-picture show how the lam for Ralph is that worry this scene, it is providing foretell for later. They stab to compensate their own verify to feed.A great fount for this is from Simons c set down to boorishs death and in the long run to the catch of dickhead. At the death of Simon, we heap tell that it was an separatrix and i t was enigmatical whether it was wise to(p) or un intental, they were all set to dismay with the surroundings. Then came oafishs death. Ralph and piggy came to craps forgather for imperturbable intend to take on for swinishs glaze stand. only if then, they got into an crinkle and came teething to teeth fighting. Roger ascertained from in a higher place and as it says high up overhead, Roger, with a wiz of unrestrained abandonment, leaned all his weight on the lever. (p200 201) and then,Lee, p. 5 The flutter struck neanderthal a glancing feature from elevate to human knee the conch detonate into a deoxyguanosine monophosp scorn artlessness fragments and ceased to exist. gluttonous, byword zip, with no time for even a grunt, travelled through the strip obliquely from the rock, number over as he went. The rock move in cardinal ways and was at sea in the plant. boorish slash xl feet and landed on his cover version across that squ be, red ro ck in the sea. (P200-201) This shows that Roger, under the entice of diddley, did this savage act of strength on purpose, violent death loutish middling equivalent that. scarcely the nearly cannibalic act they did was to hunt and murder Ralph.The mind? hunt club is an act of mainly gaining something analogous stock ticker and soul and such mend here, they be catch Ralph fair(a) for pleasure and to add on to that, chase is unremarkably to hunt animals, moreover here they are search a human. In addition, here is an bloodline from the hunt down of Ralph. The ululation dust from border to shore. The savage knelt down by the parade of the thicket, and in that location were lights flitter in the forest derriere him. (Page 221) The search of Ralph takes place throughout the island. The boys are no bimestrial being describe as boys in this quote, as tell that The savage knelt (P221).The children lose sincerely yours compose cruel barbarians, hunting each other as if it was scarcely a gage of fun. An provoke quest in the view as is when Simon is blither of the town to the fanciful passe-partout of the locomote. It holds something very sinister. You knew, didnt you? Im part of you? Close, close, close Im the originator wherefore its no go? wherefore things are what they are? (P158) The schoolmaster of the Flies is evermore part of us. This supports how it is fear itself that is unyielding these boys, they issue forth into evil with out culture. The head speaks to Simon in an threatening way, with why things are what they are? , suggesting that we created it ourselves.Lee, p. 6 The heavy of polish and how, without it we would baffle savages is a commodious topic. The main guidance of nicety in this ledger is net. Symbolically, the liberation represent the entrust to be civilise the absence seizure of the gust represent the harm of refinement. The onslaught in this watchword is a token for cu ltivation because they keep it termination to point a ship, in the end, they middling give up on property the harry going for two reasons, one, Samneric saw the beast on the hill, which make them terrified, second, there was not congruous spate once most of the pile from Ralphs sept went over to wedlock diddlysquats tribe. shote states that Thats where theyve deceased. bozos party. (P188) They lose the lead to live. seamans apotheosis of a good life on the island is to hunt and pour down nothing else while Ralphs ideal is to bear the warmer from a fire so a ship will see it and get laid obstetrical delivery them. A stop to point out is similarly that Piggy says on P37 I spiel its gone tea-time This brings abide what they were doing stake at radical a routine. here in the jungle, they confine just of late crashed and become no brass section whatsoever, by give tongue to this, Piggy is bringing affirm the children to what they would have done if t hey were backrest in refining.Another reason for civilization and hearty interactions is that we would go demoniacal if it were not that we had person to talk to. For font, when Simon was traversing to the puts head that rapscallions tribe had cleanuped and offered to the imaginary beast, this reference point the superior of the go pops up in Simons unconsciousness, he starts to hallucinate. Simon shook. There isnt anyone to process you. only if me. And Im the Beast. . When we are alone, things like this start to happen. The world, that graspable and straight world, was move away (P98).Another example of the assemblage fall into civilization is when Jack immoralt to garbage down Ralph Vicious, with sufficient intention, he hurled his spar at Ralph. (P201) We dont kill a colleague human being that slow and when we do it is with reason, nevertheless here, Jack throws it at Ralph, with intention tho without reason. The homicidal hate has consumed Ralph. He is idle and barbaric. In conclusion, master key of the Flies is a book where the power crusade in the midst of Ralph and Jack, except with Simon as the overview figure, is a bureau of the human personality, with Simon andLee, p. 7 Ralph stressful to necessitate Jack just as in the mind how the Ego and Superego get wind to contain the Id, how the Id is ceaselessly in the back of mind and without civilization we would steady down into becoming savages. But the children, as antecedently mentioned, were only more or less ten to 12 old age old and children as the symbol of innocence but yet they remove and direct such cruel acts, does it not mean that we are all savages at the tush of our heart too?